A new biomass conversion process producing biogas and biofuels. Titanium dioxide crystal clusters are grown onto green wastes in a solvent-free process creating a photo catalyst-feedstock pair. The degradation of the green wastes occurs during exposure to visible light irradiation. After total degradation, the recovered TiO₂ is combined with new green wastes to form a new photo catalyst-feedstock pair, ready for the degradation step. This efficient circular process insures that TiO₂ dissemination into the environment does not occur.
Fungal diseases are highly relevant to human health and agriculture.
In Humans, Candidiasis, Aspergillosis or Cryptococcosis mostly affect immunocompromised patients and cause death penalties of ~1.7 million deaths per year. In plants, fungal diseases cause around 10-30% loss in crops representing a risk for food availability. While anti-fungal treatments remain unsatisfactory to date due to species diversity and adaptation mechanisms, we need new tools to assess the efficiency of newly developed drugs. Cell wall thickness is critical for the survival and development of fungal cells.
The team has developed a new method based on light microscopy and image analysis pipelines to monitor Cell Wall thickness in live cells and in large populations of living cells, thereby allowing to quickly and accurately define the thickness of the cell wall. This method can be used in fundamental and applied research, and is compatible with screening strategies to allow the identification of new agents capable of altering the cell wall.
Algorithme d’optimisation basé sur la décomposition fractale. Grâce à une nouvelle approche de couverture de l’espace cet algorithme, de très faible complexité (logarithmique), peut résoudre des problèmes avec un grand nombre de variables.
The use of a large number of connected objects in a small area causes problems at the level of the IoT network: on the one hand, an increase in delays (high contention to access the channel) and on the other hand a congestion and high packet loss rate, due to the large volume of data generated. This is the case, for example, of the connected bracelets used by spectators, gathered in restricted areas (concert halls, stadiums, etc.), to produce light effects synchronously via remote control. The proposed solution based on a multi-tier mesh network architecture with four levels of communication and algorithms makes it possible to overcome this problem and ensure an adequate quality of service (QoS).
Viologen derivatives have the ability to change color in UV-Vis range as well as to strongly absorb in near-IR. Their redox properties can also be used for electrochemical energy storage.
Based on these multifunctional materials, we are developing a dual system with electrochromic properties to adjust the optical contrast as well as the ability to store energy, resulting in an electrochromic energy storage system. Unlike commercial systems, transparent mode is here achieved without current, significantly reducing system power consumption. The organic layers can be deposited either on rigid glass or on flexible plastics. Finally, this system is being developed using bio-based products.
There are a multitude of methods for producing magnetic nanoparticles with a given magnetic behavior (paramagnetic, ferromagnetic, etc.) and a given magnetic category (soft, semi-hard, hard). But for the same composition of precursors and a given process, there is still no simple and effective way to modulate the magnetic category. Based on coprecipitation of precursors and a hydrothermal and/or solvothermal synthesis, this innovative production process allows to easily choose the magnetic category (soft, semi-hard, hard) of the nanocomposites while using the same composition of precursors.
Following acute stresses like chemotherapy or radiation, the hematopoietic system quickly adapts by a process termed “emergency” or “stress” hematopoiesis. In erythroid progenitors, the researchers recently identified a functional cellautonomous serotonergic network with pro-survival and proliferative functions (Cell Reports 2019). Pharmacologic restoration of serotonin levels using selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) such as fluoxetine, a common antidepressant, can rescue the anemic phenotype in mice models. In this project, the team has shown that the serotonergic system could be a valuable therapeutic target in radiation or chemotherapy-induced cytopenia, alone and in cooperation with known hematopoietic growth factors, such as G-CSF. Particularly, fluoxetine alone or in combination with G-CSF showed an additive effect on the recovery of the three myeloid lineages and on overall survival of mice following sub-lethal irradiation. This new combination of drugs offers interesting avenues to fasten hematopoietic recovery of cytopenia thereby decreasing the risk of complications for patients during aplasia.
Approximately 25% of primary human breast cancers are due to deregulated ErbB2/HER2 expression. Therapies targeting HER2 have improved patient survival, but de novo and acquired resistance remain a challenge, with only 25% of treated patients responding to current therapies. The researchers identified several miRNAs in the miR-200 family that are upregulated in HER2+ breast cancer cells and tumor samples and whose high expression levels are associated with worse prognosis in HER2+ breast cancer patients. They designed, optimized and validated a novel biotherapeutic ASO molecule for the inactivation of miRNA-429 for the treatment of cancers with HER2 abnormalities, including HER2+ breast, gastric and ovarian cancers.
All existing Wavefront sensors (WFS) can only measure several wavefronts by sequential image acquisition. Sequential multi-spectral WFS has several drawbacks: it is difficult to implement, expensive, and incompatible with single-pulse laser characterization. This innovative system now allows simultaneous wavefront shapes measurement at different wavelengths using the multi-spectral (broadband or multi-line) light beam. It relies on the recent development of a wavefront analyzer (DiPSI) based on the use of a simple diffuser that obviates all these drawbacks by performing spectral measurements simultaneously. This aspect is advantageous for a variety of applications such as optical metrology, laser metrology, quantitative phase imaging and ophthalmology.
The development of efficient water filtration systems is an important challenge for environmental engineering. Activated carbon is widely used for adsorption of organic pollutants. However, it is only a separation process and current regeneration processes all present some important drawbacks. A new electrochemical process for in situ regeneration of activated carbon fibers has been developed. Activated carbon fibers allow for fast adsorption of organic pollutants and are subsequently used as cathode during the regeneration process. The objective is to recover the adsorption capacity of the initial material and to degrade organic pollutants.
This so called « Gene-directed enzyme prodrug therapy (GDEPT) » consists in bringing an optimized gene - allowing to convert cyclophosphamide (CPA) into toxic metabolites 13 times more than native conversion - into the tumors, thanks to an efficient vector, mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), and a specific (intra-arterial) administration. There, it eradicates the tumor and triggers a specific immune response, resulting in a vaccinating effect. POC in vivo have been established either in mice (treatment and rechallenge experiments), but also in an orthotopic model of hepatocarcinoma (VX2) in rabbits. Those last experiments confirmed breakthrough results, compared to Gold Standard (chemoembolization), either in terms of tumor & metastasis drastic reduction but also remission levels...
Homomorphic cryptography makes it possible to host encrypted documents in the Cloud, while offering queries on their content, without exposing secret data. However, many Internet applications of document computing require processing massive streams of XML data, which poses real technological challenges for the efficiency of processing techniques and data security. CSQM, the completely new model proposed, is a flow processing approach which makes it possible to minimize the consumption of resources (time, memory) for a given request on a document of any size.
PCM improve thermal performances of materials by delaying temperature increase and decrease and by mitigating the temperature peaks. Most PCM available are based on state change implying solid and liquid transitions which present major issues such as leakage risks and volume variations.
Our technology is based on a solid-solid phase change material that avoids any of these issues. The temperature of phase change can be tuned between 20°C to 65°C according to the application. The PCM presents a Shore hardness which allows its grinding up to grain size lower than 50 μm. The grain size of the PCM can be controlled by sieving for injection in different matrixes (plaster, plastics...). The environmental impact of the PCM is limited, as the synthesis process does not involve any solvent or catalyst.
Nanotopo est une nouvelle formulation sous forme de nanocristaux pour améliorer la biodisponibilité de l’étoposide dans le traitement du cancer.
Nouveau logiciel d'imagerie des tissus vasculaires à haute résolution, sans injection et ne nécéssitant qu'une vidéo des vaisseaux sanguins.
PTL Dx est un ensemble de nouveaux biomarqueurs des sécrétions cervicovaginales permettant de prédire les risques d'accouchement prématurés jusqu'à 24h à l'avance.
Diffuse Large B-cell Lymphoma (DLBCL) is the most common lymphoma in adults. Even though cure rates have significantly improved in the last few years since the introduction of new immunochemotherapy treatments, refractory/ relapse cases reach up to 40%. DLBCL is a highly heterogeneous disease and new biomarkers are highly awaited for better DLBCL stratification, prognosis and tailored therapies. We have shown that the transcription factor RelB is frequently activated in a large cohort of DLBCL patients and cell lines independently of their known subtypes, and that RelB activity defines a new subset of DLBCL patients with a peculiar gene expression profile and mutational pattern. Additionally, the newly defined RelB-positive subgroup exhibits a dismal outcome following immunochemotherapy. This new RelB signature then contributes to better DLBCL patient’s stratification and prognosis and paves the way toward new therapeutic approaches based on RelB activation status.
Diffuse Large B-cell Lymphoma (DLBCL) is the most common lymphoma in adults. Even though cure rates have significantly improved in the last few years since the introduction of new immunochemotherapy treatments, refractory/ relapse cases can reach up to 40%. New clinical management and therapeutic options are therefore necessary for DLBCL patients. We used a combination of L-asparaginase and Metformin for a combined anti-metabolic treatment targeting both the OxPhos and glycolytic energy metabolism of DLBCL cells. We have demonstrated that combining these two drugs strongly induces apoptosis not only in OxPhos, but also in Glycolytic DLBCL cells. Most importantly, the clinical proof of concept of the efficacy of a new protocol based on both drugs administration was established in a human refractory/relapsed DLBCL patient with induced apoptosis after only 24 hours of treatment and very promising reduction of tumor volume and partial remission. These results pave the way toward new therapeutic approaches for refractory/relapsed DLBCL patients.
Blood malignancy such as chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) and lymphomas are pathologies dealing with a high relapse rate. Allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (Allo-HCT) and Donor lymphocyte injections (DLI) are among potential strategies to treat or prevent relapse, however, response rate generally remains low. Treg cells play a key role in the fine tuning of the immune responses in alloHCT. Cell therapy using Treg infusions to prevent graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) showed very promising results in the clinic. Conversely, ex vivo Treg depletion from DLI has been shown to enhance the graft-versus-leukemia (GVL) effect in patients who relapsed after alloHCT without previously developing GVHD. Using an anti-TNFR2 mAb, the team provided proof of concept that an anti-TNFR2 treatment can mediate a potent GVL/GVT effect in different experimental models of hematological malignancy relapse after alloSCT through inhibition of Treg population. These results pave the way toward a novel immune checkpoint therapy to modulate alloreactivity after allo-HCT through the TNF/TNFR2 signaling pathway and, more widely, open new perspectives to amplify antitumor responses in solid cancers by directly targeting Tregs and tumor cells through their TNFR2 expression.
Détection automatique d'anomalies dans des séries temporelles. La technologie permet de déterminer l'état de santé d'un système, équipé de capteurs, en détectant et en représentant graphiquement les anomalies dans une série temporelle.
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